For ribbon lei, approximately 24 yards ribbon to make a 36 inch lei, 3/8 inch wide or wider. Instructions. Cut a circle from a thick, corrugated cardboard box. Make it 1 ¾ inches in diameter. Punch a hole in the center (it only needs to be big enough for a needle). Cut a straight line from the center to the hole.Apr 2, 2018 · 3.7K 380K views 5 years ago Graduation is around the corner and I'm excited to teach y'all how to make a two-colored ribbon lei. These make great gifts for any graduate because they brighten up... Happy weaving! My masterpiece...three four-strand ribbon leis with medallions and tassels! A collection of four strand ribbon leis with "Class of 2017" medallions. Two color ribbon lei in navy and white. Two color ribbon lei in light blue and white, with a touch of glitter! Posted by Suzanne Pasion at 9:54 AM.ribbon leis Ribbon lei is so important in some important moment such as graduation,wedding day etc.so if you want do it yourself,you can contact me! Posted by Yama Ribbon from New York, New York, United States • Published 17th June 2013. Tags. Clothes & Accessories; Print • Embed.Ribbon lei instructor, Mellie Enos, offers step-by-step instructions for 24 ribbon lei in her new book, The Guide to Making Ribbon Lei. Instructions for every lei include a list of supplies needed and a beautiful full-color photograph of the finished lei. Lei designs featured in this book include Bougainvillea, Carnation, Cigar Flower, Pakalana ...How to make a double braided ribbon lei with 4 ribbons. An easy-to-follow ribbon lei tutorial perfect for Hawaiian graduation lei gifts for high school gradu...Buy Graduation Ribbon Lei with Gift Box- 2023 Handmade Braided Necklace Grad Honor Cord with Glitter Number Patches for High School College Graduation Gift Party Supplies (Green & Gold): Shop top fashion brands Ribbons at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchasesOH HAI THEREits my first time making a video like this!!! it was requested by many of you so i hope you guys like how it turned out, i tried to make it as ea...2 Pieces Graduation Ribbon Leis Class of 2024 Handmade Braided Necklace Blue and Yellow Color Adjustable Congrats Graduates Money Leis for High School and College Graduation Party Gifts, 20 Inches. 4.0 out of 5 stars 73. $11.99 $ 11. 99. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% with coupon.Homemade ribbon leis make great accessories for luaus, BBQs or Hawaiian-themed parties. Made from non-perishable materials, they will last forever and can be kept as keepsakes for remembering events. Make ribbon leis to give as gifts to friends and family members. Layer two colors of satin ribbon to create a double sided lei with more dimension ... Leis By Megan. 698 likes. Handmade Unique gifts! Home of the ORIGINAL PERSONALIZED LEI by MEGANLei (garland) A fragrant lei of fresh pikake ( Arabian jasmine) A lei ( / leɪ /) is a garland or wreath common in Hawaii, across Polynesia, and the Philippines. More loosely defined, a lei is any series of objects strung together with the intent to be worn. Lei of various styles are given as gifts to honour people throughout the Pacific, being ... May 1, 2020 · Still, that doesn’t mean we can’t celebrate Lei Day at home—wherever you are. We enlisted the help of Honolulu-based crafting guru Joy Shimabukuro ( @thejoyofcrafting) of Ben Franklin Crafts shows you how to make a simple braided ribbon lei, perfect for Lei Day—or any day. Special thanks to Lisa Hashimoto, who shot and edited this video. Mar 14, 2018 · Satin Craft Ribbon 1/4 inches wide – You’ll need 8-10 yards of 4 lengths of ribbon. Two colors are used make the traditional double braided ribbon lei, but you can use three or four colors if you choose. Scissors. Clothes Pins, Chip Clips or Large Paperclips – Used to hold lengths of ribbon neatly bound while you braid. Jun 28, 2016 - 189842161bd27466468af1764b88c66b.jpg 480×640 pixelsGiving a Hawaiian lei is a sign of affection, thanks, and love. There are many kinds of leis: flower, money, ribbon, candy, crocheted and more. These 12+ DIY lei tutorials & instructions will get you started. 15 Jul 2022 ... This video shows how to make this beautiful pink plumeria petal flower ribbon lei. I make this lei in gradation colors in pink, yellow, ...White and Red Inset Fancy Ribbon Lei. Price $85.00. Out of Stock. thicker lei. Quick View. Burgundy and Orange Inset Fancy Ribbon Lei. Price $85.00. Out of Stock ... Jul 14, 2022 · Product Description. Your graduate will stand out in this handcrafted ribbon lei. Below are technical details; ~ Handmade in USA ~ Made with ⅝” satin ribbon ~ This Ribbon Lei is available in 48” in length with 1.5” width ~ Embellishments are made from quality cardstocks and glitters are laminated ~ For Open Ribbon Lei, each end are ... 10 Jun 2019 ... Hi everyone! Here's another Graduation Lei tutorial for you. I share a few color combinations so you can have a different look for you lei.The best way to see Maui is by doorless helicopter, so you can fly by waterfalls and skirt along beaches. Here’s how to book the experience for yourself. My childhood includes many...Making this graduation lei couldn't be easier! Cut a piece of ribbon at least 4 feet long (5-6' is fine, too). Most lei are about 36 inches around, so the extra ribbon gives you space to tie off and make a little bow or attach a large bow. Thread the ribbon through the straw and pull about two inches of ribbon out.Explore the meaning and symbolism of a lei in Hawaiian culture. Delve into the history and art of lei, celebrating Hawaii's unique heritage. Thanks for making the video!! Janice Kageyama Your very welcome. Sometimes, it’s easier to just see it done, and to see it’s quite easy. Just takes a little time to make a whole lei. Looks tideous.Hawaii 2 Color Satin Ribbon Lei, Graduation Lei, Senior Lei, Class of 2024, Lei for Graduate, Graduate Gift, Luau, Mardi Gras Lei (183) $ 10.00. Add to Favorites Money Lei Graduation Lei Satin Ribbon Lei Hawaiian Lei Bridal Lei- Double Braided Lei Ivory Cream Flower Lei (254) $ 35.00. Add to Favorites ...A review of flying Hawaiian Airlines first class from Portland to Maui on the A321neo. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. View the current offers here. Th...Apr 14, 2016 · Make a loop with the ribbons in Set 2 and insert it through the loop in Set 1. Snug the Set 1 ribbons down. That is all there is to it! Just keep making loops and snugging them down. Keep going until the lei is about 3 feet long and/or you have about a foot of ribbon left. Measuring and knotting the ribbons. To start creating your ribbon lei, you’ll need to measure and knot the ribbons.First, align the ribbons together so that they are all the same length. Then, tie a knot at one end of the ribbons, about 5-7 inches from the ends. This will secure them together and serve as the starting point for your lei.Make sure to …16 May 2018 ... Hi everyone! Here's a DIY video I wanted to share with you! Now that graduations are around the corner and I have a few graduates I wanted ...This video is about Combination Two Colored Plumeria Ribbon Lei. You can make this lei for graduation, birthday or special events. I hope this video can be h...Instructions. Cut 10 feet of thread. Thread the needle and bring the two ends of thread together Tie a double knot about 4 inches from the end. Find shiniest side of 3/8″ ribbon. Lay shiny side down. Find shiniest side of 3/16″ ribbon. Lay shiny side up on top of the 3/8″ ribbon.This video shows how to make Lawakua Warrior Ribbon Lei. I always want to make this lei, but I don’t have any reference to make it until I watch youtube vide...I'm making a white ginger ribbon lei with step-by-step instructions. There's some tips and tricks to making the lei. Watch to make life a bit easier.This was...Learn how to create and customize different types of ribbon leis with this tutorial from Jensen Creative Works. See sample glimpses of 5/8", 7/8", 1 1/2" and 2 1/4" satin and organza ribbons, as well as how to …Apr 16, 2015 · Learn how to make a double braided Hawaiian ribbon lei with four strands of ribbon in four easy steps. This tutorial uses satin ribbon, gift cards, and binder clips to create a wide and colorful lei that can be used for any occasion. See the materials list, video, and tips for this fun craft. ribbon lei, red and white ribbon, wedding ribbon lei handmade by MAUI FEATHER LEI, fathers day lei mothers day lei birthday lei (351) AU$ 76.61. Add to Favourites Hawaii Two Color 7/8 Inch Satin Ribbon 2023 Graduation Lei (2.9k) AU$ 28.14. Add to Favourites Customized 3-Colors-4-Ribbons Double Braided Ribbon Lei | Graduation ...Beautiful ribbon lei inspired by the beautiful Samoan ula fala garland. The ula fala lei showcases the red painted segments of the fruit from the lauhala tree. Profile of lei is flat and measures approximately 2 inches wide and 42 inches long. Perfect to give at graduations or celebrations.25 May 2019 ... ... ribbon lei in two colors for graduation. SUBSCRIBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuX7gCm5ev1PlovIutqu_Rw PINTEREST: https://www ...If you need a longer lei or child-seized lei, you can select a custom length in the options above. *** DELUXE vs REGULAR LEIS Our Deluxe Satin Ribbon Leis are made with 4 strands of double face satin ribbon. Our Regular Satin Ribbon Leis are made with 2 strands of double face satin ribbon. This listing is for a Deluxe Lei.Jun 28, 2016 - 189842161bd27466468af1764b88c66b.jpg 480×640 pixelsThis video shows how to make single braided ribbon lei with 4 ribbons. There are other videos with 2 and 3 ribbons. I'm making other fancy ribbon flowers vid... 2 Pieces Graduation Ribbon Leis Class of 2024 Handmade Braided Necklace Blue and Yellow Color Adjustable Congrats Graduates Money Leis for High School and College Graduation Party Gifts, 20 Inches. 4.0 out of 5 stars 73. $11.99 $ 11. 99. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% with coupon.ribbon lei pikake, Hawaiian Wedding lei, handmade ribbon leis, white lei, flower lei, wedding lei, hawaiian wedding faux jasmine lei, a d vertisement by Mauifeatherlei Ad vertisement from shop Mauifeatherlei Mauifeatherlei From shop Mauifeatherlei $ 42.00. FREE shipping Add to FavoritesMaking this graduation lei couldn't be easier! Cut a piece of ribbon at least 4 feet long (5-6' is fine, too). Most lei are about 36 inches around, so the extra ribbon gives you space to tie off and make a little bow or attach a large bow. Thread the ribbon through the straw and pull about two inches of ribbon out.Step 4: Roll the candy in plastic wrap. Take the shorter side of the plastic wrap and fold it over your candy. In the image above I took the plastic wrap below my candy and folded it up over the candy. To finish rolling your candy in the plastic wrap use both hands to pinch the plastic wrap around the candy on each end of your row.Measuring and knotting the ribbons. To start creating your ribbon lei, you’ll need to measure and knot the ribbons.First, align the ribbons together so that they are all the same length. Then, tie a knot at one end of the ribbons, about 5-7 inches from the ends. This will secure them together and serve as the starting point for your lei.Make sure to …Product Description. Your graduate will stand out in this handcrafted ribbon lei. Below are technical details; ~ Handmade in USA ~ Made with ⅝” satin ribbon ~ This Ribbon Lei is available in 48” in length with 1.5” width ~ Embellishments are made from quality cardstocks and glitters are laminated ~ For Open Ribbon Lei, each end are ...Ukulele lei / orange hibiscus, Ukulele gifts, Ribbon leis, Hawaiian crafts, Gift for Ukulele Player, Ukulele Decor, Uke, Ukulele Lover, (527) $ 17.00. Etsy’s Pick Add to Favorites Celestial Ukulele Strap Ukulele Ukelele strap Ukelele Ukulele case handmade ukulele Vegan Tabs Ukulele Gurt Mandolin strap Banjolele ...Graduation Ribbon Lei 2023 Pick 2 COLORS Black Green Burgundy Orange Gold Navy Blue Royal blue Lit Blue Purple Red White (275) $ 21.00. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Customized 3-Colors-4-Ribbons Double Braided Ribbon Lei | Graduation (2k) $ …May 1, 2020 · Still, that doesn’t mean we can’t celebrate Lei Day at home—wherever you are. We enlisted the help of Honolulu-based crafting guru Joy Shimabukuro ( @thejoyofcrafting) of Ben Franklin Crafts shows you how to make a simple braided ribbon lei, perfect for Lei Day—or any day. Special thanks to Lisa Hashimoto, who shot and edited this video. Mom's Little Things. 211 likes · 1 talking about this. Just retired and enjoys learning and sharing how to make ribbon leis and loves all kinds of art...DIY Ribbons for Camellia Blossoms Flower Ribbon Lei Kit (466) $ 26.00. Add to cart. Loading Add to Favorites Class of 2024 Hawaiian Plumeria Flower Lei Fabric Flower Lei Graduation Lei Wedding Lei Birthday Lei Hawaiian Artificial Flower Lei PINK (1.5k) $ 30.00. FREE shipping Add to cart. Loading ...When I was pondering this issue, Penga was posting about DIY ribbon leis, which was a PERFECT idea! She has a couple versions but the two-colored puffy ribbon lei was my favorite. She first posted about it here, then here. So I set off to Michael's to buy yards of ribbons! Though Penga suggested 50-60 yards of ribbon, it took me 100 yards …How to Make A Plumeria Ribbon Lei Momslittlethings 17.3K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed 3.4K 264K views 3 years ago I’m thinking when we are in ‘shelter in place’ or ‘ work from …Graduation Ribbon Lei 100912. $26.95. Add to cart. Proudly show your true colors. Beautifully crafted in the Philippines. This ribbon lei is inspired by the Philippine flag. Three floral stars representing the country's three main island groups - Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. A ribbon in the colors of the flag - red, blue, yellow and white. The ...Rosette / Ribbon Leis / Graduation Stole / Corsage / Brocade Trimming Leis / Braided Leis. Our classy and elegant satin ribbon rosette leis can fashion an acrylic button pin (snap-on). For the leis, you can choose between jacquard/brocade fabric trimmings or the braided lei that can be matched with your logo or color scheme. Contact Letra 'To ...This video is about how to make this two color 'Crochet Rosebud Rosette Lei'. You can make this beautiful lei with 2 or 3 different colors. I hope this video...Apr 14, 2016 · Make a loop with the ribbons in Set 2 and insert it through the loop in Set 1. Snug the Set 1 ribbons down. That is all there is to it! Just keep making loops and snugging them down. Keep going until the lei is about 3 feet long and/or you have about a foot of ribbon left. Ukulele lei / orange hibiscus, Ukulele gifts, Ribbon leis, Hawaiian crafts, Gift for Ukulele Player, Ukulele Decor, Uke, Ukulele Lover, (527) $ 17.00. Etsy’s Pick Add to Favorites Celestial Ukulele Strap Ukulele Ukelele strap Ukelele Ukulele case handmade ukulele Vegan Tabs Ukulele Gurt Mandolin strap Banjolele ...This video is about this beautiful Peach Rose Blooming Lei. I made with peach color and pink color, too and it's as beautiful. You can make this beautiful fl...Save. 18K views 6 months ago. This video shows how to make single braided ribbon lei with 4 ribbons. There are other videos with 2 and 3 ribbons. I'm making other fancy …This video shows how to make Heliconia Flower Hawaiian ribbon lei. You can make this lei for graduation, birthday or special events. I hope this video can be...5/8” Soccer Ribbon Lei for Senior Night, Awards Banquet, graduation ceremony with Optional 2023 or 2024 Grad ribbon added to the fringe (429) $ 21.00. Add to Favorites Hawaiian Pikake Maroon Burgundy Red and Gold Kukui Nut Ribbon Lei (248) $ …This video shows how to make this lovely purple yellow Pansy flower Hawaiian flat ribbon lei. You can make this beautiful flower ribbon lei for graduation, b...Cream plum hawaiian ribbon lei,graduation lei,anniversary lei,wedding lei,birthday lei,haku lei,ribbon lei,Hawaiian lei,Special Occasions (973) $ 45.00. Add to Favorites Purple Bougainvillea and Purple Orchid lei (1.3k) $ 60.00. Add to Favorites 2-4 Colors Hawaiian Double Weave Ribbon Lei ...Apr 11, 2019 · SKIP the first 6” (this is will be used to tie the two ends of the finished lei together) then mark the ribbon every 3” alternating edges of the ribbon. You will be creating a zigzag pattern. It is very important that the pattern is kept or your marks will show on the outer edge of the leis. I know from SAD experience! = (. 380K views 5 years ago Graduation is around the corner and I'm excited to teach y'all how to make a two-colored ribbon lei. These make great gifts for any graduate because they brighten up …Aug 18, 2023 · Ribbon leis are a popular Hawaiian tradition and can be easily made using different techniques such as braiding, spiraling, or adding embellishments like flowers or money. The types of ribbon leis include braided, spiral, ric rac, floral, and ones made with money. This beautiful Hawaiian ribbon lei is perfect for any occasion and will be a lasting memory and keepsake. In Hawaii, lei are given for graduations, birthdays, ...Jan 1, 2003 · A great follow up to the first book, making ribbon leis 2 continues on its lei making path, this time challenging the reader with more complex and time consuming leis. These may take a long time and require effort, but the finished product is truly breathtaking and very realistic. Apr 29, 2020 · Honolulu-based crafting guru Joy Shimabukuro (@thejoyofcrafting) of Ben Franklin Crafts shows you how to make a simple braided ribbon lei, perfect for Lei Day (May 1). Special thanks to Lisa ... Cut a length of ribbon approximately 9 inches long. Thread a pony bead onto the ribbon. Tie the ribbon around the middle of the folded bill. Hold the pony bead in place on the edge of the folded bill (the bead will tend slide to the side of the folded bill) and carefully tie the ribbon tightly around the folded bill.Red & Gray Ribbon Graduation Lei. $25.00. Order Graduation Leis created by Everyday Flowers. Offering Orchid Leis and Ribbon Leis for local schools and colleges. Everyday Flowers has one location in Santa Ana serving all of Orange County, CA Call (714) 714-0306 · Toll Free (800) 248-1493.Ribbon lei instructor, Mellie Enos, offers step-by-step instructions for 24 ribbon lei in her new book, The Guide to Making Ribbon Lei. Instructions for every lei include a list of supplies needed and a beautiful full-color photograph of the finished lei. Lei designs featured in this book include Bougainvillea, Carnation, Cigar Flower, Pakalana ...Materials. 2 spools of 1/4" wide satin or grosgrain ribbon in coordinating color. - Use school colors for a graduation lei. - 10 yards of each color of ribbon for a shorter or average height person. - 12 yards or more for a taller or larger person. 1-2 yards coordinating ribbon for bow. Apr 2, 2018 · 3.7K 380K views 5 years ago Graduation is around the corner and I'm excited to teach y'all how to make a two-colored ribbon lei. These make great gifts for any graduate because they brighten up... This video shows how to make this beautiful Shampoo Ginger Flower Ribbon Lei. Again, I got a message from one wonderful person on my Etsy store asking if I c...Homemade ribbon leis make great accessories for luaus, BBQs or Hawaiian-themed parties. Made from non-perishable materials, they will last forever and can be kept as keepsakes for remembering events. Make ribbon leis to give as gifts to friends and family members. Layer two colors of satin ribbon to create a double sided lei with more …Jun 13, 2019 - Explore Kerry D's board "Ribbon lei" on Pinterest. See more ideas about ribbon lei, graduation leis, leis.Today, you can find lei made out of candy, ribbon and origami-folded dollar bills. (Locals don’t wear plastic flower lei.) Lei's popularity with tourists and celebrities During the 1900s, tourism to Hawai'i started to grow, and lei greeters lined the pier at Aloha Tower on Oʻahu to welcome visitors disembarking from ships with strands of lei ...DALLAS, March 20, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Ashford Inc. (NYSE American: AINC) ('Ashford' or the 'Company') today announced that RED Hospitality & Leis... DALLAS, March 20, 2023 /PRNews...We specialize in handmade ribbon leis that can be customized to your satisfaction. Leis are 42" in length all the way around. Open Ended Leis are 48" in length, [End Ties make length longer] If you would like to customize your length it also can be done through custom orders. Caring for your Forever Lei: Forever Leis are packaged with care and ...
ribbon lei pikake, Hawaiian Wedding lei, handmade ribbon leis, white lei, flower lei, wedding lei, hawaiian wedding faux jasmine lei, a d vertisement by Mauifeatherlei Ad vertisement from shop Mauifeatherlei Mauifeatherlei From shop Mauifeatherlei $ 42.00. FREE shipping Add to Favorites. Citrix gateway client download
White and Red Inset Fancy Ribbon Lei. Price $85.00. Out of Stock. thicker lei. Quick View. Burgundy and Orange Inset Fancy Ribbon Lei. Price $85.00. Out of Stock ... 419K views 3 years ago. This video shows how to make single braided ribbon lei with 3 ribbons. I have another two videos with 2 and 4 ribbons. I'm making …ribbon leis for all occasions!!! ; Product Options. f.pink on pink ; Specifications. Brand,SKU ; Delivery. Metro Manila~Quezon City, Quezon City, Project 6.This video shows how to make Heliconia Flower Hawaiian ribbon lei. You can make this lei for graduation, birthday or special events. I hope this video can be...20 Apr 2019 ... GRADUATION RIBBON LEI ⚪️ Forest green, light green and white of 5/8” double sided satin ribbon made into a 35” ribbon lei • Handmade and ...Ley lines, also known as “spiritual pathways” or “energy lines,” have been a topic of intrigue and fascination for centuries. These invisible lines are said to connect various sacr...The Hawaiian lei is traditionally made with the frangipani flower, a fragrant tropical flower grown with white, pink, red or yellow petals. Frangipani flowers produce a poisonous s...Learn how to create and customize different types of ribbon leis with this tutorial from Jensen Creative Works. See sample glimpses of 5/8", 7/8", 1 1/2" and 2 1/4" satin and organza ribbons, as well as how to …I chose to wrap a ribbon lei in school colors around the green maile lei ribbon base. I used 1/8 inch satin ribbon and this ribbon lei tutorial. An even number of bills, 24 is the number I used for this lei; Floral wire or green thread and needle; Scissors; Clear tape; Kukui nuts or wood beads, optional; Money Lei Tutorial. There are three ...Ribbon Lei - Tropical flower - Pink rose and Green leaf - Hawaiian lei, Hawaiian craft, for hula, for Hawaii trip, for graduation. (66) $78.00. 1. 2. 3. Check out our plumeria ribbon lei selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces …OH HAI THEREits my first time making a video like this!!! it was requested by many of you so i hope you guys like how it turned out, i tried to make it as ea...Hawaii 2 Color Satin Ribbon Lei, Graduation Lei, Senior Lei, Class of 2024, Lei for Graduate, Graduate Gift, Luau, Mardi Gras Lei (183) $ 10.00. Add to Favorites Money Lei Graduation Lei Satin Ribbon Lei Hawaiian Lei Bridal Lei- Double Braided Lei Ivory Cream Flower Lei (254) $ 35.00. Add to Favorites ...Hi everyone,This is how I like to make my two ribbon graduation leis! I am using single faced ribbon 3/8" from https://www.papermart.com/fabric-satin-ribbon/... This video is about how to make this Rainbow Colors Double Braided Lei. The material I used in this video is 6 strands 3/8" single faced Satin Ribbon. Each ...Apr 30, 2020 · I’m thinking when we are in ‘shelter in place’ or ‘ work from home’, and want to make our own son/daughter/love one a lei for graduation, birthday or special... Leis for Guests. Luckily for event organizers, that’s where we come in. Letrato Arts and Crafts Philippines is an expert in creating beautiful, elegant, and professionally handcrafted ribbon leis for guest speakers and other important people. Our unique lei design for guests has been used in many events of varying sizes and topics.Easy-to-follow tutorial showing how to make a Hawaiian ribbon lei in 3 colors for graduation.The lei requires about 6 yards of yellow color, 6 yards of green...May 28, 2015 · 10. Go down to the spool end of the thread and cut it free, leaving about a foot extra. Thread this through your needle, tighten the ribbon as much as possible, and then secure the thread in the same manner you used in step 9. 12. Cut the spool ends of the ribbon free, leaving at about 18" of additional ribbon. 13. The Insider Trading Activity of Liu Lei on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksMar 14, 2018 · Satin Craft Ribbon 1/4 inches wide – You’ll need 8-10 yards of 4 lengths of ribbon. Two colors are used make the traditional double braided ribbon lei, but you can use three or four colors if you choose. Scissors. Clothes Pins, Chip Clips or Large Paperclips – Used to hold lengths of ribbon neatly bound while you braid. .